![]() This contrasts to some degree with the technology-intensive focus of newer industrial development, which may indeed lead future growth. Guangzhou's strong manufacturing role in electronics, automobiles, and chemicals is supplemented by a focus on public administrative roles tied to its position as the capital of Guangzhou province. The results ultimately place Guangzhou, and Guangdong, more broadly in a global industry context that distinguishes them from other Chinese cities and regions. New York City (top) and London (bottom) are the only two cities ranked Alpha ++ by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Second, connectivity is derived from the relations between Guangzhou-based firm headquarters, and between Guangzhou-based subsidiaries and external firms. First, the analysis reveals the concentration of firms in specific industrial sector and sub-sectors when compare to Guangdong and China as a whole. Data are derived from a complete set of public firm headquarters and subsidiaries listed primarily on the Hong Kong, Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges. The Globalization and World Cities Research Network created the alpha, beta, gamma, ranking system based on four indicators of producer services. The rise of global cities has been linked with two globalization-related trends: first, the expansion of the role of transnational corporations (TNCs) in global production patterns and, second, the decline of mass production along Fordist lines and the concomitant rise of flexible production centred within urban areas. In addition, the quality of life in Honolulu is too good to be ranked as a global city (just being honest). ![]() Taylor in 1998, 1 Together with Jon Beaverstock and. This isolation causes a scarcity of resources. This paper investigates the role of Guangzhou in both a global and national context. The Globalization and World Cities Research Network, commonly abbreviated to GaWC, is a think tank based in the Geography department at Loughborough University in England, that studies the relationships between world cities in the context of globalization. The distribution of economic activity in cities has a strong impact on how cities are connected to one another in a global context, as well as what national role cities play in industrial networks. Research on the position of cities has revealed how networks play an influential role in urban development.
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